Everything about Pierre Dugua Sieur De Monts totally explained
Pierre De Monts, (c.
1558 -
1628) was a French merchant, explorer and colonizer. A
Protestant, he was born in
Royan,
France and had a great influence over the first two decades of the
17th century. He travelled to northeastern
North America for the first time in
1599 with
Pierre Chauvin de Tonnetuit.
In
1603 Henry IV, the
King of France, granted the Dugua exclusive right to colonize lands in North America between 40º- 60º North
latitude. The King also gave Dugua a monopoly in the
fur trade for these territories and named him Lieutenant General for
Acadia and
New France. In return, Dugua promised to bring 60 new colonists each year to what would be called
l'Acadie.
In
1604, Dugua organized an expedition and left France with 79 settlers including Royal
cartographer Samuel de Champlain, the
Baron de Poutrincourt, a
priest Nicolas Aubry,
Louis Hébert,
Mathieu de Costa: a legendary multilingualist and the first registered black man to set foot in North America, and a Protestant member of the
clergy.
Entering
Baie Française (the
Bay of Fundy) in June
1604, Dugua and his settlers founded a colony on
Île-Ste-Croix. Numerous settlers succumbed to the harsh winter climate and malnutrition disease as they exhausted the limited natural resources on the island. The colony moved to better land on the south shore of Baie Française at
Port-Royal in
1605.
The Port-Royal settlement survived and prospered somewhat until
1607 when other merchants protested the monopoly, which the King had to revoke. As a consequence, Dugua and the settlers had to abandon the colony and return to France.
Dugua then turned his attention to the colony of
Nouvelle-France in the
St. Lawrence River valley, after ceding Port-Royal to Poutrincourt. He never came back to the New World but he sent Champlain to open a colony at
Quebec in
1608, thus playing a major role in the foundation of the first permanent French colony in North America.
Henry IV appointed him as Governor of the protestant city of
Pons, Charente-Maritime from
1610 to
1617, when he retired. He died in
1628, in the nearby castle of Ardenne in
Fleac-Sur-Seugne.
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